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Small-scale projects
To finalize this short note, the present paper highlights the fact that simplified M&P have been made available in order to incentive the development of CDM projects by small holders and communities who, given the general M&P, may not be able to compete due to high costs of developing methodologies, dealing with DOAs and others. Small-scale afforestation or reforestation projects were defined by Decision 19/ CP.9 as those that are expected to result in net anthropogenic greenhouse gas removals by sinks of less than 8 kilotonnes of CO2 per year; in other words, small-scale projects should not remove carbon under the mentioned values, thus having a limit of how many tCERs or lCERs can be generated by project per year. A second characteristic of these projects is that they have to be developed by low-income communities or individuals as defined by the host Party. Again, the dichotomy between national and international issues is refl ected here by the fact that the definition of “low-income”, which is related to poverty and indexes of development, is left to the host Party, while the definition of the maximum absorbed carbon has been established at the international level.

++ The baseline can be assumed constant if project proponents demonstrate that no signifi cant changes are expected to occur within the project boundary in the absence of a project.
++ If significant changes are expected, they will be allowed to apply a simplifi ed methodology for baselines.
++ No monitoring of the baseline is required and, for the monitoring of other variables, project participants may also use simplifi ed methodologies.
++ Finally, a leakage estimation will not be required if information provided by project participants shows that a displacement of activities or people that increases emissions outside the project boundary will not occur.